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| Development of legislation | .
Development of legislation
Health Insurance Fund
introduction
The traditional medical services in the Sudan is a complex of ancient Egyptian, Muslim Arab and indigenous African beliefs.
The Arab tribesmen and traders who brought these early influences infiltrated the country from their previous bases in Egyptian medical practices
The new comers were able to impose with relative ease their traditions and religion on the people with their religious teachings came knowledge of Arabic medicine
Al- Azhar university in Cairo initially a relay station of cultural influences flowing from Arabia into Africa That university played an essential role for implementing the Islamic by free access to Arabia and affinity with Africa
This cultural interaction with Egypt specially flourished during the Fung Kingdom.
The Islamic culture created the "Ulama" (learned men) &leaders of Sufi orders (religious sects) and Sudanese holly men known as "Fakirs" (religious healers) who were dispersed all around the villages of the Islamic north in close contact with the local population and with their daily activities.
These "Fakirs" were the agents who propagated the first elements of traditional religious healing acquired from the contacts with the Arabs. (Bayoumi, 1979).
After the independence, the medical services were still provided free (i.e. the cost were born by the Ex-checker. In the seventies, these costs were too high to be born by the Government,
the economic medical treatment project (where the medical treatment were to be purchased directly by the patient when in need) has been adopted to solve the financial problem.
But these arrangements failed due to the fact that the patient may not be able to pay immediately hen he is ill.
The final action has been discovered in the low of large number and the theory of social insurance
The WHO provided the necessary technical assistance for the implementation of the project. The health insurance act was enacted in 1994. That act was repealed and replaced by the Health insurance act of 2001.
Development in legislation
The first draft of health insurance low was written by the technical consultant of national social insurance fund (Elsharif Aboud Elsharif) based on the recommendation of the WHO expert (Prof. Kalimo),
On December 1994 the low of national health insurance corporation was passed as a provisional decree,
On March 1995 the low was passed by the National Council
The main characteristic of this low is that it is based on the principle of nationalization of health insurance system,
On 2001 the low of health insurance was converted into a non-nationalization system,
As a result most of the States failed to extent the coverage & raise the standard of medical services,
On The committee of social development in the National Council initiated amendment in the low to return to the nationalization of health insurance system,
This amendment was passed by the National Assembly on
& signed by the president on
Health insurance in federal countries
Health insurance systems world wide are all nationalized,
This fact is due to the need to implementing the law of large number to redistribute the total cost of medical treatment among all the contributors,
Dividing the health insurance system among all the states in the country will repeal the implementation of the law of large number and and raise the cost of medical treatment
The following federal countries are examples in showing that health insurance are nationalizing even in the federal countries:
1.Austria,
2.Belgium,
3.Canada,
4.Germany,
5.India,
6.Mexico,
7.Pakistan,
8.Russia,
9.Switzerland,
10.United States
Importance of national system in health insurance
The unification of the actuarial study upon the whole country,
By doing so the rate of contribution will be unified, the deficit in one state will be covered by the surplus in the the other,
The standard of medical provisions will be unified,
And the equity ,justice will be realized. |
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